The Powers Of The Mediterranean - 1905 Words

Powers of the Mediterranean In the 3rd century B.C.E. there were two great powers in the area surrounding the Western part of the Mediterranean Sea, The African/Spanish Empire of Carthage and the Italian Empire of Rome. Both empires were rapidly expanding their territory while ultimately avoiding each other. Carthage had conquests in South-West Europe in modern day Spain, while the Romans were working their way East into Macedonia. Rome and Carthage were both major powers controlling what to them was the entire world. These two powers are very similar and very different, but after a conflict between them started only one would make it out alive. Before the wars began, in the 9th century B.C.E. a Phoenician Queen known most commonly by Dido, founded a city in Northern Africa, in modern day Tunisia, Known as Kart-hadasht or translating to â€Å"new city†. The Greeks called this city Karchedon which the Romans adapted to Carthago, or Carthage. (Mark 2011) Before Rome, Carthage the center of trade through-out the Mediterranean. Upon the fall of the Phoenician city of Tyre after the conquests of Alexander the Great, Tyrains fled to the city of Carthage. Most of these refugees were extremely wealthy, and upon their settlement at Carthage, they expanded Carthage’s trade substantially. Carthage was experienced with naval warfare and fought their battles with mercenaries, soldiers paid to fight. (Rodriguez n.d.) Comparing to Carthaginian history, there is a lot more documented historyShow MoreRelatedRome s Transformation Of Power Of The Entire Mediterranean Basin2319 Words   |  10 PagesOf the ancient civilizations, Rome was able to transform from a small town into the center of power of the entire Mediterranean Basin. The history of Rome can be traced through the evolution of the Roman Army and by observing the evolution of the troops and the tactics that have been employed by the Roman military since the foundation of Rome to the end of the end of the republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. As the territory of Rome expanded, the military structure, as well as the trainingRead MoreInterrupting The Flow Of History Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesDisruptions Though out the history of the Mediterranean it has been plagued by huge events that have violated the norm and disrupted the society as a whole in tremendous ways. These disruptions have caused major deviations in the course for the Mediterranean everything from creation of nations to horrible bloody wars to the creation of several major religions and many smaller religions. These changes have created both great joyous things for the Mediterranean and created horrible life altering tragediesRead MoreHow Do Allied Forces Control Sea Lines Of The Gulf Oil?1408 Words   |  6 Pagesforces control sea lines of communications and Land lines of communication in Mediterranean and North Africa for continued access to Persian Gulf oil? Current State: Political – The Vichy French government went into collaboration with the Nazis therefore preventing German forces from having to occupy the French Northwest Africa and securing the Axis flank/rear. Military – All of North Africa and Southern Mediterranean minus Egypt were under Axis control either directly by German/Italian forcesRead MoreWhy Did The Muslim World?1162 Words   |  5 PagesBeginning in the 15th Century, nations such as Spain, Portugal, Germany, Britain, and the Netherlands started exploring for new lands and colonizing them. Driven for power, trade, or expansion, many European powers colonized the New World. Yet when looking at the Muslim contemporaries, the Ottoman, Persian and Mughal Empires did not set sail for new land like their Western counterparts. Why did the Muslim world not partake in exploration and colonization of the New World, despite having equivalentRead MoreHow Rome Became an Empire649 Words   |  3 Pagessatisfied wi th conquering the neighboring land around them. This desire to conquer more land was fueled by the Romans victory over Carthage that made them to become the most powerful state in the Mediterranean region. Through this victory, the Romans had all the opportunity they required to extend their powers across the region. As a result, the Romans became more wealthy and powerful as they were able to expand their empire further (The Roman Empire par, 3). Their pursuit to conquer more land andRead MoreAllied Powers During World War II1513 Words   |  7 PagesDid Allied efforts in the Mediterranean justify a two year delay of the cross channel invasion? If so, why? If not, why? The Allied Powers, during World War II, recognized the only way to achieve a decisive victory was to work in conjunction, and utilize one another’s strengths and assets. However, Great Britain and the United States had differing views on the proper strategy. The United States believed concentrating its power at the earliest possible moment to attack an enemy’s critical centerRead MoreTaking a Look at Hagia Sophia672 Words   |  3 Pagesused to help them develop their civilization was the Mediterranean Sea. This sea has been vital to multiple empires in history, giving them power in trade networks and in their military. Emperor Justinian who reigned from 527 - 565 looked to expand the empire at all times (Brooks). He was a wise ruler because he knew by controlling the Mediterranean it would give him easy access in trading with different civilizations and would give him power by transporting his military throughout his massive empireRead MoreEssay On Isis931 Words   |  4 PagesFigure 1 represents global cost and figure 2 is a table taken from Pakistan. Figure 1. Figure 2. Military Strength In the height of the Soviet Union Times their military power was on par with the United States. When the USSR fell it lost waterways, coastlines, and ports which severely crippled its naval power. Other than its waterways being loss they also lost massive chucks of land. This included military bases and resources. Some of the bases lost were in Ukraine and Georgia that RussiaRead MoreA Short Note On Greek And Roman Civilization882 Words   |  4 PagesCarthage became almost the equal of Rome. Be sure to show the strength of both and how this conflict led to Rome becoming a naval power. Introduction The history of the Ancient empires, there were various wars and rivalries that existed between Carthage and Rome (Morey, 1901). These two nations were well-known for war, power and strength situated at the western Mediterranean and Italian Peninsula. The former is led by Carthage while the other is the great force of Rome. In this write-up, there will beRead MoreThe Differences Between Greeks And Romans1225 Words   |  5 PagesRoman was overall an influence to the Mediterranean world, and became the reason of why things had began to change. As mentioned previously, Rome had become the dominant state in the Mediterranean world. Roman expansion had occurred in three main stages; the uniting of the Italian peninula, which gave Rome the manpower that transformed it from a city-state into a great power; the collision with Carthage, from which Rome emerged as ruler of the western Mediterranean; and the subjugation of the Hellenistic

The Crucible - Self-Preservation - 1048 Words

Self-preservation and the downfall of Salem Self-preservation is the act of protecting one’s self. It is often correlated with pain and fear and it is regarded as a basic human instinct. People often use self-preservation to protect their image and reputation in society, thus potentially having to lie and hurt someone else’s status in the process. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, many characters demonstrate self-preservation to avoid the consequences of their own actions. This results in prolonging the witch trials in the town of Salem, causing the destruction of the community. Reverend Samuel Parris is a prime example of a character that uses self-preservation throughout the play to maintain his high position in society. When†¦show more content†¦He is keen on protecting himself and his family’s name, which involves preserving the trials and its integrity. He cannot have the trials proven to be fraud because the illegitimate support he has for his lying daughter and niece will end his career thus making the community lose their trust and respect for him. The people of Salem are realizing that the assumptions of witchcraft in the village could be false and therefore they no longer believe what Parris and the girls have to say. As a result, Parris desperately craves for Proctor’s confession when he feverishly says, â€Å"It is a great service, sir. It is a weighty name; it will strike the village that Proctor confess. I beg you, let him sign it† (Miller 141). Parris is left feeling threatened and scared after finding a note and dagger on his front door from angry villagers who are upset about the noble people in their community being executed. As an act of self-preservatio n he pleads for a respected person such as John Proctor to confess, so that he can validate the trial to which he strongly favoured, protect his reliability within the society and prove that witches are present in Salem. Parris’ constant acts of self-preservation has backfired and initially if he were honest about the girls dancing in the forest, he could have avoided the complicated court trials that left many innocent people to dieShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible Thematic Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesBen Boyd English 11H The Crucible: Thematic Essay The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a rich and enticing play set in the late 1600’s describing the epic horrors and emotions through the events of the Salem witch trials. The Crucible, focuses primarily on the inconsistencies of the Salem witch trials and the extreme behavior that can result from dark desires and hidden agendas. The play begins with the discovery of several young girls and an African American slave, Tituba, in theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller825 Words   |  4 Pages One may call self-preservation a natural, basic instinct. This will to survive is strong, but how far would you be willing to go to stay alive? In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, a series of events unfold in the 1600s when a group of girls accuse others of conspiring with the devil. These accusations spread and the mass hysteria caused neighbors and friends to turn on each other. When unexplainable things happened, they attributed it to other performing witchcraft. The religious town of SalemRead MoreConflict Is the Heart of Drama997 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play, ‘The Crucible,’ written by Arthur Millar, conflict is the cornerstone around which the text is moulded. Although most of the conflicts are external, there are also examples of severe internal conflict, as can be seen in Millar’s protagonist character, John Proctor. Mary Warren, Proctor’s servant-girl, is also a victim of internal conflict within the play. Proctor, in addition, is involved in external conflict too, between him and Judge Danforth, him and Elizabeth Proctor, and him andRead MoreSummary : The Crucible Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesOpportunities, Fall Semester 2015 Extra Credit Opportunity #4: Attend a performance of â€Å"The Crucible† on one of the following performance dates: Oct 10, 15, 16, or 17 at 7:30pm or the matinee performance on Sunday, Oct 18 at 2pm at the SMSU Fine Arts Theatre Note: The performance on Thurs, Oct 15, is free to all SMSU students with a valid student ID. Admission at all other performances is $10. â€Å"The Crucible† is a fictionalized account of events that occurred during the Salem Witch Trials. SalemRead MoreHuman Failings in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller writes about the tragic results of human failings in his play, The Crucible. He presents characters from the past and infuses them with renewed vitality and color. Miller demonstrates the horrifying results of succumbing to personal motives and flaws as he writes the painful story of the Salem witch trials. Not only do the trials stem from human failings but also from neglect of moral and religious considerations of that time. Characters begin to overlook Puritan values of thrift andRead MoreStanford Prison Experiment Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesseen in The Crucible with Abigail Williams, the main accuser in the village. As she began to accuse more people, she herself began to believe that God sent her for a reason and was God’s eyes. In both cases, people ea sily believed in the role that they played because everyone else believed it and they accepted what the majority of the population thought of them. A common behavior displayed in both the Salem Witch trials and the Stanford Prison Experiment is one of self-preservation. The prisonersRead MoreHuman Nature Illustrated in Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay697 Words   |  3 PagesArthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, focuses on the inconsistencies and injustice of the 1692 witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts. The restrictive Puritan society of Salem in the 17th century was based upon religious intolerance, where faith was demonstrated through physical labour and by strict adherence to religious doctrine. Material, physical and sexual desires were considered the Devil’s work and a threat to the very fabric of society. In summary, it is said that Puritanism discouraged individualismRead MoreEssay on Crucible vs Muslim Treatment Post 9/111054 Words   |  5 PagesCrucible vs Muslim Treatment Post 9/11 Fear in itself is something to be feared. Fear is the primary source of insanity and chaos. Fear alone sent the Puritan society of Salem, Massachusetts into a state of utter hysteria in the year 1692, when one of the worlds most infamous witch hunts occurred. Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, is a historical fiction depicting the events of the Salem Witch Trials. A witch hunt is a political campaign launched on the pretext of investigating activities subversiveRead MoreThe Art Of Deception : The Origin Of And Escape From The Spread Of Falsehoods Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the centuries, episodes of hysteria have disturbed humanity, plaguing both small communities and powerful empires. Although often short-lived, these instances of widespread panic can disrupt social and political order. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller reveals that self-centered ambition underlies the spread of false ideas, which can fuel societal paranoia. However, Miller argues that individuals can e scape this hysteria and preserve their dignity if they choose to sacrifice their personal needsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1639 Words   |  7 Pageslife. In his play The Crucible, Arthur Miller demonstrates the moral and societal differences between and consequences of different types of lies: A liar’s virtue is determined primarily by intention, and while some forms of dishonesty are more acceptable than others, truth under all circumstances is vital to true morality. Miller’s stance is a rational and realistic one and can be seen not only in his play, but also in media and politics. The time period in which The Crucible is set, during the time

Introduction To Accounting And Companies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Introduction To Accounting And Finance Group Of Companies? Answer: Introduction Pact group of companies manufactures packaging and other products and sells them in Australia, New Zealand and Asia. The company changes plastic resin and steel into packaging products. The products of the company are used in several industries namely food and beverage, personal care, household consumer, chemicals. Its products are also used in materials handling and infrastructure. Malcolm Bundey is the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of the company. Pacts packaging is for fresh food, chilled meat, frozen food, ready-meals, baked goods, dairy products, juice and bottled water, among others (Pact Group, 2017). Important things that are to be kept in mind for packaging is that it should keep the food product fresh and provide it protection from outside environment that might contaminate it. In personal care and health products the aesthetics, functionality, convenience and safety are all very important. Pact provides packaging for oral hygiene products, skin creams, hair products and pharmaceutical products. The companys products have latest decoration, patented designs and world leading medical dispensing systems (Pact Group, 2017). The industrial and chemical sector has highly varied packaging requirements that demand durability, reliability, safety and easy transit and storage. Pact provides packaging solutions for agricultural chemicals, surface coatings, lubricants and other petroleum products ranging from large bulk sizes to very small handheld packaging. Pacts materials and handling solutions are focused on the transport and storage of products using pallets, crates and other containers. Pact group of companies had net profit after tax of $ 85.1 million for the year ended 30 June 2016 and sales revenue of $ 1381.3 million for the same period. Its profit and revenue has grown compared to the previous year. Ernst Young were the auditors of the company. The auditor gave in their report that financial statements of Pact Group Holdings Ltd were in accordance with Corporations Act 2001. They gave a true and fair picture of the companys financial position as at 30 June 2016 and of its performance for the year ended 30 June 2016. Further, the financial statements complied with Australian Accounting Standards and Corporation Regulations 2001. In September 2017 share price of the company was $ 5.230 and dividend per share was 23.0 cps (InvestSmart, 2017). The ending date of its latest fiscal year was 30 June 2017. The company is based in Richmond, Australia Analysis of packaging industry The value of packaging in Australia is 10-10.5 billion dollars. About 30000 people are directly employed in packaging in Australia. Packaging of a product is very important. It determines the quantity in which food and other items are available. Australian consumers have the lesser spare time they buy products packaged in different quantities. Pouches have become more popular. More products like baby food and yoghurt are available in pouches. In case of pet care also pouches containing dog food are bought as the food in them is wet and fresh. Australians are becoming more health-conscious due to which they want to control their diet. This is the reason they want food in different sizes of containers. This is the reason why companies like Coca-Cola are now introducing containers in smaller sizes (Eliott et al., 2014). Australians want to buy high-quality premium products. The consumers want smaller and slimmer glass bottles containing drinks. They want products packaged attractively. Packaging of different types helps the brand owner in creating an image for its products. The packaging also has to be convenient, making the use of product easy. In case of packaged food, there is more demand for plastic pouches rather than cartons (Mordor Intelligence, 2017). The consumers are also more conscious about sustainability factor. They want to see if the packaging can be recycled without harming the environment. The companies also are using sustainable packaging as a marketing tool. More sustainable packaging like plastic made of sugarcane is in demand. There are many companies of food packaging like Centropak, Confoil, Linco food systems, Maxpak Australasia Pty Ltd and Olympus packaging (Ezilon, 2017). There are companies like Modbec and Synergy Packaging Pty Ltd which pack cosmetics. There are companies like Packmatic, Panda Packaging Pty Ltd, Walls Machinery Pty Ltd and Davis packaging which package equipment. The demand for plastic packaging is increasing despite adverse effect on the environment. There is pressure from the government due to which biodegradable and sustainable plastic is being used. Sellers of plastic packaging are Amcor, Rexam, Winpak, Aptar group and other companies. Future plans of Pact group of companies Pact group of companies would continue to focus on lowering the groups overall cost of production through efficiency program announced in 2015. The company would get growth by acquiring more business entities. But merger and acquisitions would take place after greater evaluation and if there is synergy resulting. The merger should result in business growth and keep the costs down (Asia Pacific Packaging, 2017). The group entered on 16 May 2016 into an agreement under which the group will construct, own and operate crate pooling, washing and storage facilities to service Woolworths. This is a long term project for the company. Pact believes in growth. It wants to have a diverse customer base with long term relationships with them. The company wants to continue with its policy of diversified product portfolio. The company wants to encourage innovation further. It wants to come out with more innovative products that provide it with a competitive edge. Pact group of companies wants to provide more sustainable products in future that do not cause harm to the environment. The company would try to remain ethical in future. The company would try to continue with good corporate governance. Financial Statement Analysis Statement of Financial Performance Particular 2014 2015 2016 Gross Profit 329.56 367.05 392.83 Income from operation 329.56-20.88=308.68 367.05-2.41=364.64 329.83-9.17= 320.66 Net Income 57.69 67.63 85.05 Interpretation of findings: On the basis of above table it can be observed that Pact Group Companys gross profit in 2015 is 367.05 and in 2016 is 329.83 (Pratheepkanth, 2011). It means company has increased its gross income in 2016, which is beneficial for the company. On the other hand, the companys operating income is increased from 2014 (308.68) to 2016 (320.66). It is favourable for the company. At the same time, the net income of the company has also been increased from 2014 (57.69) to 2016 (85.05). It is more favourable for the company because if the company generates more income, companys goodwill will be increased in the market. Common size financial statements: The common size statement is also known as the vertical analysis. The common size statement is conveying all point of the financial statement within the conditions of percentage, which is based on the parameter (Brigham and Houston, 2012). The basic items of common size are expenditure and income statement based on its factors, which obtained while generating revenue and sales. Pact Group Company has recorded its expenses and income in the financial statement. Trend analysis technique: Trend analysis is the unchecked practice of information collecting as well as it is an attempt to pattern the spot. In business, the trend analysis is used for forecasting the future events (Becker, et al., 2013). It is also mathematical technique, which used the historical result to forecast the future result. It is also known as the assignment management control device. It is accomplished with the differences within the scheduled performance or cost. Company adopts the trend analysis to recognize its future cost. Accounting policies for preparation the statement: There are various forms, which signified the accounting policies such as: Statement of compliance: Consolidate financial report has also fulfilled by the Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) which concerned with the IASB. Interpretations and Accounting standards that have been effective and are concerned: AASB 2012-3: AASB standards include relevance guidance for the AASB 132. Financial instruments presentation to address variation, which identifies at the time of applying of few outside norm of AASB 132 (Cairns, et al., 2011). It involves the descriptive significance of presently is a legally enforceable right to set-off as well as few gross settlement system might be considered equivalent to net settlement. As the same, the financial statement such as also affects some standers like AASB 1031, AASB 2014-1, and AASB 2013-9 etc. Identify trends and items that might be different from the industry norm: As per the financial performance, the gross profit of the company is growing in 2016. However, if compare with the industry ratio which is 57.21%, it can be said that it is profitable for the company. On the other hand, operating income for the company increased from 2014 (308.68) to 2016 (320.66). The industry ratio of the operating income is 9.37% (Sami, et al., 2011). If compare with industry ratio it has been overlapped for it and it is not good for the company. On the other hand, the net income of the company is increased from 2015 (67.63) to 2016 (85.05). It means the company has earned more income as compared with two previous years and it is profitable for the company. Statement of Financial Position: Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders Equity For 2014 1.21= 898.16 + 307.29 For 2015 1.18= 850.23 + 326.87 For 2016 1.37=1 + 369.19 Common-size statement analysis: A common size balance sheet is known as the balance sheet, which shows the relative and numeric value for total liabilities, equity accounts and total assets. It permits the comparative level of all accounts that are rapidly evaluated the liabilities, equity and assets accounts (Higgins, 2012). It is used in the external and internal forecasters as well as it has not recorded necessity of GAAP. In company context, the company also used this statement to analyze its balance sheet values. Trend analysis: Based on trend analysis it is collecting all the financial information and attempting to commercial outline. Pact Group Company has collected all the financial information and it records the trend analysis. Statement of cash flows: Compare operating cash flows with the net income for the past years Particular 2014 2015 2016 Operating Cash Flow 90.84 250.81 160.79 Net Income 57.69 67.63 85.05 On the basis of above table, it can be observed that the operating cash flow of the company has been increased from 2014 (90.84) to 2016 (160.79). It shows that it is profitable for the company. On the other hand, net income of the company has been increased in 2016. And it shows that the companys profitability ratio has been favourable for the industry. Is the company expanding through investing activities? Company uses many standards to make its legal policies and accounting policies to comply with these standards. Some standards are like AASB 2015-2, AASB 101, IFRS 18 (revenue and related Interpretations) etc. It is also used to signify accounts such as taxation, Impairment of non-financial assets and goodwill, net investment etc (Pact Group, 2015). Identify the companys most important source of financing Bank Loan: Bank loan can be considered as the most important source of finance for the company. Company can take loans from banks for the purpose of expanding the business. Bank charges a fixed rate of interest on it (Brauers and Zavadskas, 2011). Owner capital: Company can issue its share and securities in the market to raise funds. Overall, has cash increased or decreased over the past years? As per companys balance sheet, it can be concluded that cash for the company in 2014 is 25.6 and 2015 is 32.61, as well as 2016, is 51.89. As compared with previous years, company has increased its cash in 2016, which gives benefit to the company, because company requires cash for developing its business. Summaries discuss and report the major points of interest from your analysis As per this report, it can be analyzed that company has to increase its business as compared with previous years. Company has to improve its gross profit as compared with industry ratio. The company also uses the common size statement and trend analysis to record its business statement. On the other hand, it is also used the different types of AASB standards which help to the company to make its policies. Calculate the Ratio Analysis: Liquidity Ratio Ratio Formula 2014 2015 2016 Industry ratio Working Capital Current assets- Current liabilities 299.4-247.29 = 52.11 253.21-305.86= 52.65 321.01-352.81= -31.71 57 Current Ratio Current assets /current liabilities 299.4/247.29 =12.10 253.21/305.86=0.83 321.01-352.81= 0.90 1.09 Receivable turnover sales / total receivable 1.14/150.34 =0.007 1.25/93.69 =0.013 1.38/114.6 = 0.012 9.18 Average days sales uncollected (Average receivable / sale) *365 150.34/1.14*365 =48135 93.69/1.25*365= 27357.48 114.6/1.38*365= 30310.86 N/A Inventory turnover COGS/ Average Inventories 813.66/115.21= 5.35 882.11/117.49=7.50 988.5/146.63=6.74 4.09 Average day' inventory on hand Inventory/ Cost of sales * 365 115.21/813.66*365=51.68 117.49/882.11*365=48.61 146.63/988.5*365=54.14 N/A Profitability Ratio Ratio Formula 2014 2015 2016 Industry ratio Profit margin NP/ sales 57.69/1.14=50.60 67.63/1.25=94.58 85.05/1.38=61.63 5.20% Assets Turnover Net Sales / Total Assets 1.14/1.21=0.94 1.25/1.18=1.05 1.38/1.37=1.007 0.99 ROA(Du Pont Equation) Net Sales / Total Assets 1.14/1.21=0.94 1.25/1.18=1.05 1.38/1.37=1.007 5.13 ROE net profit/ shareholder equity 57.69-0=57.69 67.63-0=67.63 85.05-0=85.05 20.08 ong- Term solvency ratio Ratio Formula 2014 2015 2016 Industry ratio Debt to equity long-term debts/ shareholder Funds 589.85/307.03=1.92 472.9/326.56=1.44 561.44/369.19=1.52 174.81 Interest coverage EBIT / Interest Expenses 98.6/73.19=1.34 124.76/32.77= 3.80 136.34/27.28=4.99 N/A Cash Flow Adequacy Ratio Formula 2014 2015 2016 Industry ratio Cash Flow Yield Free cash flow per share/ current market per share N/A N/A N/A N/A Cash Flow to sales Operating Cash flow/ Net sales 90.84/1.14= 79.68 250.81/1.25=200.6 160.79/1.38= 116.51 N/A Cash flow to assets Cash from operations/ Total assets 120.4/1.21=99.50 163.97/1.18= 138.95 149/1.37= 108.75 N/A Free cash flow Net cash flow from operation- capital expenditure N/A Market strength ratio Ratio Formula 2014 2015 2016 Industry Ratio Price Price/ earnings per share N/A N/A 17.03 24.27 Earnings per share Net income-preference Dividend/ weighted Average common share outstanding 0.35 0.23 0.29 0.01 Dividend yield Annual Dividend / Current Stock Price N/A N/A 4.47 3.58 Companys trends, strength and weaknesses: On the basis of above table, it can be concluded that in liquidity ratio, the working capital of the company has been reduced from 2014 (52.11) to2016 (-31.71). If compare with industry ratio, it has been declined in both the years. At the same time, it can be analyzed that the current ratio of the company is 12.10 in 2014 and it is reduced in 2016. The industry ratio of the current ratio is 1.09. If compare with industry ratio of last year ratio, it has gone down, this is not beneficial for the company (Birks, et al., 2011). The receivable turnover ratio of 2015 is 0.013 and 2016 is 0.012. It shows that the turnover ratio is decreased. At the same, if compare with industry ratio the receivable turnover ratio is decline within last years. On the other hand, the average days sales uncollected in the year 2015 are 27357.48 days and 2016 is 30310.86 days. The Inventory turnover of the Pact group in 2014 is 5.35 and 2016 is 6.74. It means that the company has increased its inventory turnover and it is favourable for the company. The Average day' inventory on hand of the company has been increased from 2014 (51.68) to 2016 (54.14). It is beneficial for the company. If overall performance is calculated, sometimes company is growing in liquidity ratio and sometimes it is decreasing. If liquidity ratio has upper with given the industry ratio, it means it is the weakness of the company and if the company has grown with industry ratio it means it is the strength of the company (Abdullahi, 2011). On the other hand, the profitability ratio of the company has been increased as compared with the last two years. If compare with industry Ratio, Company has grown with it and it is the strength of the company. The debt equity ratio of the company has been reducing from 2014 to 2016. If compared with industry ratio the debt equity ratio is declining with it. At the same time, the interest coverage ratio has also decreased from 2014 to 2016. On the other hand, Cash Flow Adequacy ratio of the company has been growing in 2016 as compared with last two years. On the other hand, Market strength ratio of the company has been developed within last two years. If company marketing strength ratio is increased in the market, it is the strength of the company. But at the same, it is the weakness also because if a company develops its market price in the industry many barriers are entered in the industry. Conclusion: Summaries your findings and make recommendations as to what you think the company should do to enhance performance From the above analysis it can be examined that company can easily reduces its cost by using effective selling process. From the above findings, it can be recommends that the company can launch new product with effective features so that it helps to retain more customers. The company has to know that what its customer needs and what they want. Company has also renewed its product time to time and makeup gradations on their products, as a result, it helps to increase the firm value (Huo, 2012). Based on your analysis, would you consider the company to be a strong performer? On the basis of above analysis, it can be observed that company has the strong performer, because company is effectively improving its operations as compared with previous years. Along with this, company has also improved its gross margin, net income as well as operating profit as compared with the previous years. Apart from this, the company has also potential to perform very well in future because of availability of sufficient funds. References Abdullahi, A.A., 2011. Trends and challenges of traditional medicine in Africa.African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines,8(5S). Asia Pacific Packaging 2017. Pact CEO reveals future company strategy. Australia, https://www.asiapacificpackaging.net/News/3344,pact-ceo-reveals-future-company-strategy.aspx viewed 7 September 2017 Becker, A., Finger, P., Meyer-Christoffer, A., Rudolf, B., Schamm, K., Schneider, U. and Ziese, M., 2013. 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Australia : Wiley.Lazaridis, I. and Lien, Pratheepkanth, P., 2011. Capital structure and financial performance: evidence from selected business companies in Colombo stock exchange Sri Lanka.Researchers World,2(2), Ezilon 2017. Australia Food Packaging. Australia, https://az.ezilon.com/australia/business/packaging/food_packaging/index.shtml viewed 7 September 2017 Higgins, R.C., 2012.Analysis for financial management. USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Huo, B., 2012. The impact of supply chain integration on company performance: an organizational capability perspective.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(6), pp.596-610. InvestSmart 2017. Pact group holdings Ltd (PGH). Australia, https://www.investsmart.com.au/shares/asx-pgh/pact-group-holdings-ltd viewed 7 September 2017 Mordor Intelligence 2017. Australia Plastic Packaging Market. India, https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/australia-plastic-packaging-market viewed 7 September 2017 Pact Group 2015. Annual report. 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Slavery and Racism Essay Example

Slavery and Racism Essay Jack O’Donnell Development of Western Civilization Dr. Carlson November 17, 2011 Slavery and Racism: Are They One in the Same? Aphra Behn was an extremely significant and influential English writer in the 1600s. One of her more famous works, Oroonoko, discusses the issues of slavery and racism in the Americas. Many people believe that slavery and racism go hand in hand. In fact, these two ideologies are awfully different. Slavery is the act of forcing humans to be treated property whereas racism is the belief that discrimination based on inherently different traits is justifiable. Behn, in Oroonoko, makes the fundamental differences between slavery and racism apparent. With the philosophical views of Rousseau and Trouillot’s analysis on the Haitian revolution, slavery and racism in Oroonoko can easily be separated and distinguished to show their dissimilarities. In the novel, Oroonoko is an African prince and war hero who enslaves many men from the various tribes he conquers in battle. Oroonoko believes this form of slavery is just and should be acceptable. Later in the story, Oroonoko is tricked and sold into slavery. He eventually works with many of the slaves he had sold to the Europeans back in Africa. Oroonoko considers this form of slavery to be incredibly unjust. The plantation owners did not â€Å"win† their slaves over in battle like Oroonoko, rather they barter or trade for them (Boeninger 9/26). The white males also treat Oroonoko as a lesser human being even though he is royalty. They constantly deceive Oroonoko into believing that his freedom is coming when in reality it is nowhere in sight. Because there was such an economic gap between the black slaves and the white slave owners, racism naturally became common custom (Behn). We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and Racism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and Racism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and Racism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Racism in this case was derived from slavery; they were not the same idea. Behn depicts slavery and racism in this manner to show how different the two ideas are. In Africa, the slaves and the slave owners were of the same race. The color of their skin was not a factor in how they were treated. The fact that they lost in battle was the only reason they were slaves (Behn). In the Americas however, race had a much bigger role in the treatment of slaves. The large plantation owners were white and the slaves were black. Because of the racial divide in the owners and slaves, many forms of racism were justified (Boeninger 9/27). This also led to the discrimination of the free black men in the society. Behn purposely shows slavery in Africa and slavery in Surinam to point out the extreme differences between racism and slavery. Behn’s description of Oroonoko and Imoinda also show the inherent difference between racism and slavery. Behn describes Oroonoko as a beautiful person by stating, â€Å"His nose was rising and Roman instead of African and flat; his mouth the finest shape that could be seen, [†¦]. The whole proportion and air of his face was so noble and exactly formed that, bating his color there could be nothing in nature more beautiful, agreeable, and handsome (Behn 13). † The fantastic image Behn provides shows the reader that slavery and racism have different foundations. If they were the same idea, Behn would have never given such praise to a slave. She compares Oroonoko’s looks to those of a white man which would not have happened if racism and slavery were the same. The description of his beauty relays to the reader that slavery and racism can be two very separate entities. Even though Behn makes a clear distinction between slavery and racism in the novel, many people would disagree in how she got that message across. In Oroonoko, Behn’s message seems anti-racist but it appears that she does not have a problem with slavery. Her problem arises from how the slaves are treated, but slavery in general is acceptable for Behn. One philosopher in particular would have a problem with Behn’s message. Jean- Jacques Rousseau, if he were to read Oroonoko, would have some concerns. In Rousseau’s â€Å"A Discourse†, he discusses slavery and the rights of man. Rousseau believes that all men are born free and are equal according to nature. He would criticize Behn on her opinion of slavery saying that all men are born and should remain equal (Rousseau). Behn is very passive about her views on slavery where Rousseau is active in his writings. Even though he disagrees with Behn’s view on slavery he still believes slavery and racism are different. Rousseau would not dispute Behn over her view of racism. According to Rousseau, racism contrasts with his view on the rights of man. He believes all men are created equal; race should not be a reason to discriminate. He would also affirm what Behn has to say about the horrible treatment of Oroonoko by the white males throughout the story. They kept deceiving and leading Oroonoko on when they knew he would never be freed. Rousseau would say he should have received better treatment. The color of his skin should not matter in his given situation. Rousseau’s belief on the equality of mankind can be used to critique the works of Behn (Carlson 11/10). Even though there are disagreements between the views Behn and Rousseau, both see that racism and slavery are two different ideas and should be treated separately. The Haitian revolution also witnessed severe racism and slavery. In Haiti, slaves occupied about 85% of the population while the free men only occupied about 15% (Breen 10/31). The sugar plantations needed these slaves to run the production which was a gruesome process. Through this horrible procedure, many people made their fortunes. The rich white men would have children with their black slaves and eventually their heirs were of mixed race. When the white females came to Haiti to look for a partner, they noticed the white males were only attracted to the mixed race females. The hatred led to severe racism of the black community in Haiti (Breen 10/31). The stories of the beginning stages of Haitian revolution can easily be compared to the novel Oroonoko. In the Haitian revolution, many of the slave owners were of African descent. They resemble Oroonoko in Africa when he owned slaves of his same race. Racism was not a factor in either of these situations but slavery was. Because all parties were of the same race, slavery and racism did not go hand in hand. The problem in both cases was when the Europeans intervene. The racism was very prevalent in Oroonoko when all the white males were lying to him. They clearly did not respect the fact that he was royalty because of his descent. During the Haitian revolution, the European women’s jealousy caused racism to become prevalent on the island (Breen 10/31). The European jealousy also led to racism back in France. The European intermediates were one of the sources of racism in the early stages of the Haitian Revolution and in Oroonoko. The Haitian revolution was a power struggle amongst the white French and the black Haitians. Within this battle, many sects of Haitian rebel groups began fighting among each other. In Trouillot’s Silencing the Past, he discusses these fights among each other in the form of King Henry and Sans Souci (Trouillot). In his book, Trouillot talks about the race dilemma with the French and the Haitians. If Trouillot were to read Behn’s work, he would see similarities between the racism in Surinam and the racism in Haiti. In Oroonoko, the blacks are treated so horribly that they eventually revolted. That is very similar to what happened in Haiti. The Haitians eventually could not take the abuse and decided to revolt. In both cases they revolted for the racism and the slavery (Carlson 10/3). In Silencing the Past and Oroonoko during the revolts, it seems that slavery and racism are the same. In actuality the slavery and racist views stem about from different ideas. Even though at times it seems that slavery and racism are related, there are always underlying views that separate the two thoughts. Through Aphra Behn’s novel, the public can get a solid grasp of the differences between racism and slavery. With the help of Rousseau and Trouillot, the differences between slavery and racism only become greater and more distinct. Hopefully, people will come to realize how different these two ideologies actually are so they can get a better grasp of the past. Bibliography Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko. London: Penguin, 2003. Print. Boeninger. Notes. 9/26/2011-9/27/2011 Breen. Notes. 10/31/2011 Carlson. Notes. 10/3/2011, 11/10/2011 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Rousseau: On the Origin of Inequality: Second Part.   Index. G. D. H Cole, 19 Oct. 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. http://www. constitution. org/jjr/ineq_04. htm. Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. The Three Faces of Sans Souci.   Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1995. Print.